Mustafa Feiruz
Abstract
The political history of Somalia, from 1960 to 2023, unfolds across four distinct eras, i.e. democratic multi-party system, authoritarian military regime, political vacuum and national fragmentation, and clan-based selection/election; each marks a significant period in the country’s political landscape. Each period has its characters and common denominator. The first era, from 1960 to 1969, witnessed the initiation of a democratic multi-party system, a unique phase in Somalia’s contemporary history. Despite its brevity in the broader historical context, this phase holds profound significance in shaping Somalia’s political mentality and has left an indelible mark on the Somali mindset. This paper delves into the political dynamics of this initial era, with a particular focus on the drawbacks that emerged and influenced its trajectory. The paper emphasizes the importance of recognizing and addressing these drawbacks within their historical context. The findings contribute to a nuanced understanding of Somalia’s political evolution, offering valuable insights for formulating effective reforms to establish a resilient and inclusive political system in the future.
Keywords: Somalia, multi-party system, political history, political drawbacks.
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